Hello All,
For this post, write a short paragraph in which you analyze the errors in the first act of King Lear:
What types of errors do the characters commit?
What causes them to be wrong? What has led them to make these errors?
What effect do these mistakes have on others?
What effect do these mistakes have on the person making them?
Your analysis must use three quotes from chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, or 11 of Kathryn Schulz's Being Wrong:
one quote should be introduced with a simple introductory phrase;
one quote should be introduced with an independent clause and colon;
one quote should have pieces integrated into your own sentence.
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Kent and Gloucester were wrong in making fun of Edmund's mother in front of him. This made Edmund bitter and angery. King Lear was wrong on basing his decision of how he would divide up his kingdom based on how much his daughters said they love him. This affected his favorite daughter Cordelia by her being not given an inherance. King Lear banished his right hand man Kent for questioning his decisions on how he was treating Cordelia.
According to Kathryn Schulz, "The most obvious answer in that we're so emotionally invested in our beliefs that we are unable or unwilling to recognize tham as anything but the invioable truth" (104). We choose this quote because it relates to King Lear and his three daughters.
When King Lear kicked out Gloucester he didn't want to listen to his opinion: "the idea that people who disagree with us are not ignorsnt of the truth, and not unable to comprehend it, but have willfully turned thier backs on it" (Schulz 108).
"We have nothing to fear but fear itself, [this is something we all believe] since wrongness really can have clifflike consequences for our lives" (Schulz 180)
According to Kathryn Shulz in Being Wrong, "This relationship between communities and beliefs is a two-way street" (Schulz 143). This exemplifies the position Goneril and Regan where the lack of truth and communication with King Lear, put them in fear.
Shulz exemplifies King Lear's tyranny at his daughter's homes with the quote: "Belife in is prior; however far this might be from our sense of how we should for our ideas about the world, it is the first principle of how we actually do so" (142). Goneril and Regan's proclaiming the love of their father more than anything else "[...] like all of us, sought out [...] the like-minded" (143), which effectuated Cordelia's exile to France.
-M. McKenney
-L.S. Niederauer
-Grecia Solano
In King lear's eyes,Cordelia made a mistake by being honest. According to Cordelia, "Unhappy that i am, I cannot heave My heart into my mouth. I love your majesty According to my bond, no more nor less"(Shakespeare 144).
Gloucester accepted Edmanund as his Illegitiate son, a bastard child in which he made an error that effected the relationship of father and son: "You know the character to be your brother's"(Shakespear 155).
Kent defends Cordelia interrupting
Lear and that brought Kent and Lear to break their vows, "Our Potency made good, take my reward: Five Days we alott thee provision To shiled thee from disasters of the world,[...].If on tenth day following Thy banished trunk be found in our dominions", Kent would be exilled, " The moment is
thy death. Away! By Jupiter, This should not be revoked."(Shakespeare 148)
As schulz mentions "Error - blindness, our amnesia for our mistakes, the lack [...] we have trouble accpeting that wrongness is a part of who we are."(pg.21)
This quote realtes to the mistake Kent mad:"Good my liege" which brought him to break vows with his master.
Roberto Picos
Erika Perez
Emanuel Garcia
Jessica Gonzalez
The sisters, Goneril and Regan made the mistake of believing that excessively expressing their feelings to their father, Lear, will be beneficial to them. According to Kathryn Schulz, "what happens when our beliefs, including our most fundamental, convincing, and important ones, fail us," like "religion or morality" (91).
When King Lear went over the fake letter Edmund wrote he analyzed the facts presented to him: "What counts as evidence? How must it be gathered? Under what circumstances is it admissible?" (Schulz 112)
King Lear was certain that Cordelia didn't love him as much as his other two daughters. "But to most of [society] certainty suggest something bigger and more forceful than knowledge." (Schulz 163)
-Brian Garcia and Kathleen Roddriguez
Earl of Gloucester was wrong for teasing his own son, Edmund in front of his face and speaking maliciously about his mother. Edmund successfully attempts to frame Edgar in murdering Gloucester to take over his throne. These states also effect Gloucester by wanting his sons to prevail over him.
Quote with simple intro phrase: "Brewster was interested in "the means by which [ancient governments] maintained their influence over the human mind-of the assistance which they derived from the arts and the science, and from a knowledge of the powers and phenomena of nature" (P. 63),
Quote with an independent clause and colon: "All of that makes him about as expert as you can get in the domain of science, yet here he is on one of its fundamental principles: "If I were to flip a coin a million times, I'd be damn sure I wasn't goig to get all heads[.]" (P. 141).
Quote integrated into own sentence: According Thomas Gilovich, "Other things being equal, the greater the number of people who believe something, the more likely it is to be true" (P. 138).
Gilovich is observing that people are influenced by other people's beliefs.
-Howard Lin
-Greyson McDaniel
Earl of Gloucester was wrong for teasing his own son, Edmund in front of his face and speaking maliciously about his mother. Edmund successfully attempts to frame Edgar in murdering Gloucester to take over his throne. These states also effect Gloucester by wanting his sons to prevail over him.
Quote with simple intro phrase: According to David Brewster, he is stating that, "The means by which [ancient governments] maintained their influence over the human mind-of the assistance which they derived from the arts and the science, and from a knowledge of the powers and phenomena of nature" (Schulz 63).
Quote with an independent clause and colon: Leonard Susskind explains one of the fundamental principles of science: "If I were to flip a coin a million times, I'd be damn sure I wasn't going to get all heads[.]" (Schulz 141).
In King Lear, Gloucester believed Edmund and his lie can somehow become the truth, "Other things being equal, the greater the number of people who believe something, the more likely it is to be true" (Schulz 138).
-Howard Lin
-Greyson McDaniel
King Lear made the mistake of asking his daughters how much they loved him and based on their responses making the decesion on how much they would inherit. What casues them in being wrong is the daughers could lie to King Lear just to inherit the most. This mistake effects the husbands by making them feel less loved. The effects this mistakes have on the person making them, is they feel bad for lieing.
This quote relates to our analysis; according to Kathryn Shultz, "The most obvious answer in that we're so emotionally invested in our beliefs that we are unable or unwilling to recognize them as anything but the inviolable truth"(104).
When Goneril and Reglan lied to King Lear about him being the thing they love the most: "our belifs are inextricable from our identities" (Schulz 95).
Cordelia knew that within her heart she didnt truly love her dad overall, "Compared to the feeling of knowing [the truth] seems both amped up and externalized". (Schulz 163)
-Irene Hernandez
-Sabrina Morales
King Lear made many mistakes in the first act. These included getting mad at Cordelia for not expressing a gargantuan sense of love for him in order to inherit a third of his land. He also made a mistake by basing his decision of granting land to his daughters through asking them to express their love for him. Lear's biggest mistake in the first act was banishing his most trustworthy nobleman for questioning his actions with Cordelia.
Gloucester made the mistake of ridiculing Edmund and his mother, because this caused Edmund to seek revenge.
Edmund's greed had him make the mistake of forging a letter, supposedly written by his brother, and having Gloucester see it. Edmund felt that this trap would have him receive Gloucester's inheritance.
According to Kathryn Schulz, "Certainty might be a practical, logical, and evolutionary necessity, but the simplest truth about it is that it feels good" (168). This quote relates how King Lear treats his closest individuals. What he says goes, regardless of the consequences.
Gloucester, ridicules Edmund's mother: "this mystery matters is that it bears on the moral status of denial" (Schulz 232).
"This doesn't mean that [Edmund is] dumb, or that all [his] ideas about the world are useless [...]" (Schulz 86). This quote refers to Edmund's illegitimacy, he still feels capable, even though Gloucester brings him down mentally.
Leticia Orozco
Beatriz Dominguez
David Maciel Gonzalez
Gloucester, without being given any direct evidence, assumes that his legitimate son Edgar has written a traitorous letter. In reality Edmund has only made it seem that way with indirect hints and forgery. Gloucester's mistake is his misuse of inductive reasoning.
Karl Popper asks, "How can I be sure that all swans are white if I myself have seen only a tiny fraction of all the swans that have ever existed?" (qtd. in Schulz 118). Gloucester presumes with only a limited amount of information that he has all the possible information. Because he does not look to gather more information on the letter he goes out and to accuse his son.
Gloucester does not think about his source of information. He dose not realize "that secondhand information [...] never constitutes sufficient grounds for knowledge" (Schulz 139). He assumes that this 2nd or maybe even 3rd hand information could be wrong.
King Lear makes the mistake of banishing his loyal supporter Kent. Kent disagrees with King Lear when Cordelia is not given her fair share of the kingdom for speaking her mind. Lear has now banished the two people closest to him; "Even as [his] relationship[s] [are] disintergrating around [him], [he] refuse to accept that [his] beliefs about it and [his] dreams for the future [are] flawed (Schulz 268).
Eduardo Figueroa
Erik Figueroa
Freddy Soza
This quote by Kathryn Schulz “grave concern about this [proposed regulatory] action and its possible consequences.” relates to the mistake on Edmond because of the letter to his father.(90)
In King Lear Edmund (the bastard son) lies about the letter so that his father can disinherit his true son . He lies because he knows that in this way he can gain his fathers acceptance and power “helping people examine –and, when necessary, change –their beliefs about themselves and others.” (Schultz 95) can be done by false accusations.
King Lear contemplates the possibility that Edgar wrote the letter because Edmond constantly insists that he believes his brother would never do such a thing: “ […] This is just a belief ; I could be wrong.” (Shultz 103)
--- Gabriel Becerra
Maria Bravo
Uber Garcia
One mistake that was made was when Gloucester talks about his son Edmond and Edmond's mother in front of Kent. Gloucester made it seem like Edmond was a nobody and that he didn't deserve any respect. He also made it seem like Edmond was a huge embarrassment to him.
-Act 1, Scene 1: I’ve had to acknowledge that he’s my son so many times that now I can do it without embarrassment.
-Act 1, Scene 1: Well, this guy’s mother could conceive him all to well. She grew a big belly and had a baby for her crib before she had a husband for her bed. Do you smell something naughty?
-Act 1, Scene 1: Edmund may have snuck into the world a little before his time, but his mother was pretty, we had a fun time making him, and now I have to acknowledge the guy as my son.
According to Kathryn Schulz, "We occasionally hear shade of that meaning today, too, which is why doing something unwittingly means doing it unknowingly"(222).
This quote explains Gloucester's error because he probably spends so much time talking about his bastard son, that he doesn't even realizes when he's doing it.
Even though Gloucester tried to humiliate Edmond, Kent didn't let that change his judgment on Edmond. "This assumption can be a narrow judgment, applied to a specific person on a specific issue, or it can be a sweeping assessment of any individual or group we regard as the opposition"(108).
It's not Edmond's fault that Gloucester didn't know he was his dad, so he shouldn't be punished for it. "The feeling of knowing[...] for certainty than a precondition for it"(163).
-Y. Clay
Curtis Fago
James Wolfenstein
Nancy Flores
In Act 1 of William Shakespeare's "King Lear," Lear himself commits a regrettable error early on. King Lear decides to banish his daughter simply because she was honest. Lear did this out of impulse and ego, meaning his ego caused him to believe that he is doing right by essentially banishing Cordelia. According to Kathryn Schulz in Being Wrong, "simply holding a [strong] belief can have consequences (94). In this case the consequence is the destruction of the relationship between King Lear and his daughter Cordelia.
Lear also believes his daughter doesn’t deserve his affection and gifts because he assumes his “beliefs about the world cannot deviate from the world as it really is” (Schulz 101).
King Lear was overwhelmed with several feelings because of his daughters’ honesty that he was unable to detect or realize the worthiness of honesty. “The most obvious answer is that we’re so emotionally invested in our beliefs that we are unable or unwilling to recognize them as anything but the inviolable truth.” (Schulz 103).
King Lear is about to retire from his kingdom, but without no sons to take the throne. He is willing to give away his land to his three daughters. In order for exchange, the three of them must tell how much they love their father. So, Goneril and Regan told their father that they love him more than anything in the world. Cordeilla responded that she loves him as a father. In result of her answer he is displease because she told him the truth of how much she loves him. King Lear exiled her and divided the land among her two sisters.
According to Kathryn Schulz, "One of the quickest ways to find out if you are wrong is to state what you believe." (qtd. in Schulz, 150) it explains how Cordeilla displeases her father stating her respond from her mind compared to her sisters which it was a lie.
"Even Rahman's exile, while particularly explicit, isn't particularly unusual." (Schulz, 155) In the case of of Kent, he was exciled for a reason that should have not exiled him but speaking out of turn against the king will usually get you bannished.
"Leaving behind our more thoughtful and generous selves, we become smug, or patronizing. or scornful, or downright bellicose. And that's when we are fighting with people we love." (Schulz, 164) The children of King Lear will fight and lie among family members to get what they want.
- C. Buccat
- M. Gomez
According to Kathryn Shultz, “In order to find out her true self she would have to say things that would make her feel uncomfortable, but would have to find the courage to express her thoughts” (p.192).
The error Cordelia had committed was that she shouldn’t have been as honest as she was towards her father.” Unhappy that I am I cannot heave My heart into my mouth, I love your Majesty according to my bond, no more nor less.”(Shakesphere pg 13). If Cordelia lied like her two older sister she would have gotten her own land. This caused Cordelia to be wrong because being truthful didn’t work at her advantage. This error affected Cordelias sisters because she basically told her father that her sisters were lying to him in order to get property.
Brian Escalante
Eduardo Torres
Sandy Ornelas
Stephanie Santos
Gladys Mayra Delgado
In the first Act of King Lear, his biggest error was being oblivious to the truth; as depicted in Being Wrong by Kathryn Schulz it is demonstrated “[t]hat’s’ why sincere denial is also known as self-deception; it entails keeping a truth from ourselves that we cannot bear to know” (231). King Lear’s arrogance blinded him from the loyal followers. The cause to his error was through “the persuasive power of authority,” was an excuse to allow him to feel the need to endlessly be ‘right’ (138). As king he was accustomed to constant praise and admiration and when his youngest daughter expressed true feelings towards him, he could not accept something so simple and disowned her for lack of praise: “If our mind is figuratively divided against itself, with one part oblivious to its errors and the other part actively working to keep things that was who bears the responsibility of being wrong?” (232).
Everyone in the first scene made some very bad decision. For instance,Lear makes a bad decision on deciding how the kingdom gets divided up amongst the daughters. Also,Kent and Gloucester make a bad decision by making fun of Edmund's mother in his presence. Another is that Gloucester makes a bad decision when he decides to trust his bastard son, Edmund, when he says that Edgar plans on killing \
One way Schulz supports the fact Lear made the mistake of solely relying on the "love" his sister had for him is by saying, "our habit of relying on meager evidence [beliefs], normally so clever, suddenly looks foolish. (and makes us looks foolish, too)" (123)
Kent and Gloucester make the horrible decision of automatically assuming that Edmund was not smart and this was where one of their major errors became apparent; "it is those [assumptions and convictions] that lie at the extreme ends that collapse most spectacularly in the event of error.” (Schulz 93)
Gloucester makes a bad decision by thinking he has "a decent sense of direction" and decided to put his trust into Edmund's hands and he, unfortunately, get led "along entirely [down] the wrong road."
Trey Lovett
Brian Martinez
Evan Vizcarra
King Lear Quote-
Fairest Cordelia, that art most rich being poor, Most choice forsaken, and loved despised, Thee and thy virtues here I seize upon.(Act 1.1 pg 151 Lines 250-253)
(Pg 87 Chapter 5 Paragraph 1)Not surprisingly, the atmosphere was somber, and Henry Waxman, the California Democrat who chaired the committee, was not in the mood to pull his punches. The federal Reserve had the authority to stop the irresponsible lending practices that had fueled the crisis, Waxman reminded those in attendance.
(Quotes wrong Schulz pg 87 chapter 5 Paragraph 1) Both of the quotes go together because they both refer to one person or thing leading up to change something because In King Lear France tells Cordelia that she is good for giving her most honest opinion to King Lear and that she is a better person because of it. This could basically ruin the relationship more with Cordelia and her father because maybe she could have changed her mind to say how much she really liked her father. In Kathryn Schulz Book it talks about how the Federal Reserve had the authority to stop the irresponsible lending practices which could ultimately make the decision about the financial crisis that had lately engulfed more or less the entire planet.
King Lear came to a quick decision of not giving anything to his daughter. when he didn't receive the love he wanted by his most youngest and most beloved daughter, a decision that might come back to hunt him: "the failure to seriously consider other possible options ,a tendency to make rash decisions, and the refusal to reevaluate or other alter decisions once they've been made"(Kathryn Schulz. 152.)
-Raul Mendoza
Ramon Duran
Gisel Hernandez
Gloucester’s son Edmund writes a letter in which contains disrespectful things about this father. He claims that the letter is written by his brother Edgar, whom is favorite son to his father. Edmund writes this letter and shows it to his father because he wants Gloucester to be mad at Edgar and deny him his wealth and power. Edmund wants to appear as the good son, so he can gain all of his father’s wealth, power and respect. This mistake will affect the relationship between Gloucester and his son Edgar, and if the truth comes out, Edmund would not be trusted by his father.
According to Kathryn Schulz, “To recognize errors, to cut loses, to alter course, is the most repugnant operation in the government,” (176). If Gloucester recognizes Edmund error, it would put Edmund in a bad position.
Edmund does not believe that he is wrong and he “simultaneously cease[s] to believe it” (Schulz. 184).
Gloucester might not know the personalities of his two sons very well. “To understand someone else, to fathom what’s going on in [his] world, to see into [his] mind and heart; if at first this is what makes staying alive possible, ultimately, it is what makes life worthwhile,”(Schulz. 250).
-Khulood Hussin
-Ivan Matip
-Vera Nard
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